仝小林教授分类、分期、分证思想在甲状腺结节及甲状腺癌的治疗中的体现

甲状腺结节是指甲状腺细胞在局部异常生长所引起的散在病变。5%～15%的甲状腺结节为恶性。结合现代医疗，仝小林教授在传承传统辨证论治模式，又开启了“分类、分期、分证”的辨证辨病思想，系统阐述甲状腺结节及甲状腺癌的类型、发展及转归等内容，并构建基于甲状腺结节及甲状腺癌分类、分期(根据自然演变过程可以分为郁、瘀、虚3期)、分证思想体系指导下的甲状腺结节及甲状腺癌防治临床实践。分类、分期、分证思想综合考量疾病共性及患者个性，可为现代慢性病中医理论构建提供启示。     

Narrowing the focus: Therapeutic cell surface targets for refractory triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as a type of breast cancer with lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor 2 protein. In comparison to other types of breast cancer, TNBC characterizes for its aggressive behavior, more prone to early recurrence and a disease with poor response to molecular target therapy. Although TNBC is identified in only 25%-30% of American breast cancer cases annually, these tumors continue to be a therapeutic challenge for clinicians for several reasons: Tumor heterogeneity, limited and toxic systemic therapy options, and often resistance to current standard therapy, characterized by progressive disease on treatment, residual tumor after cytotoxic chemotherapy, and early recurrence after complete surgical excision. Cell-surface targeted therapies have been successful for breast cancer in general, however there are currently no approved cell-surface targeted therapies specifically indicated for TNBC. Recently, several cell-surface targets have been identified as candidates for treatment of TNBC and associated targeted therapies are in development. The purpose of this work is to review the current clinical challenges posed by TNBC, the therapeutic approaches currently in use, and provide an overview of developing cell surface targeting approaches to improve outcomes for treatment resistant TNBC.     

胃神经官能症予以中西医结合治疗

目的:观察胃神经官能症予以中西医结合治疗的效果。方法:选取我院2018年4月-2019年4月收治的134例胃神经官能症患者进行研究,依照治疗方法的不同,将其分为参照组和研究组两组,每组各67例,参照组实施穴位注射治疗,研究组在参照组的基础上采用中药剂柴胡桂枝汤治疗,对两组患者治疗前后的中医症状体征积分、焦虑评分、抑郁评分、治疗总有效率及复发情况进行观察和比较。结果:治疗前两组患者的食少纳差、胃脘胀痛、少寐多梦及神疲乏力等中医症状体征积分差异不明显(P>0.05),治疗后研究组患者的食少纳差、胃脘胀痛、少寐多梦及神疲乏力等中医症状体征积分明显比参照组优(P<0.05);治疗前两组患者的焦虑评分及抑郁评分差异不明显(P>0.05),治疗后研究组患者的焦虑评分、抑郁评分及复发率明显比参照组低(P<0.05);治疗总有效率明显比参照组高(P<0.05)。结论:穴位注射与中药剂柴胡桂枝汤联合治疗胃神经官能症,可使患者临床症状得到明显改善及治疗有效率得到提高,缓解患者产生的焦虑、抑郁情绪,并且还能使患者治疗后的复发率得到降低,值得进行临床应用和推广。     

MDM2 T309G基因多态性与前列腺癌的相关性

目的:探讨鼠双微体基因2(MDM2) T309G基因多态性与前列腺癌相关性。方法:用酚氯法提取全基因组DNA，应用聚合酶链反应、限制性内切酶的方法检测100例前列腺癌患者和100例健康男性的MDM2 T309G基因多态性。结果:病例组中G、T等位基因型频率分别为52.5%、47.5%，对照组中G、T等位基因型频率分别为40.5%、59.5%，MDM2 T309G基因型在两组的分布有显著性差异，TT基因型在对照组分布频率明显增高（P＜0.05）。结论:MDM2 T309G基因型在病例组和对照组的分布存在明显差异，G等位基因与前列腺癌发病增加相关。     

血小板与淋巴细胞比值预测三阴性乳腺癌临床预后及与免疫球蛋白表达的关系

目的:探讨血小板与淋巴细胞比值（platelet to lymphocyte ratio，PLR）对三阴性乳腺癌的临床预后影响及与免疫球蛋白表达的关系。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2012年12月于我院乳腺外科住院治疗的134例三阴性乳腺癌患者。临床独立预后因素采用单因素和多因素Cox回归模型分析。术后生存时间和生存曲线比较采用Kaplan-Meier和log-rank方法。结果:PLR是三阴性乳腺癌的独立预后因素，最佳临界值为155.00。PLR＜155.00组，术后中位DFS为35.51月，中位OS为55.24月；PLR≥155.00组，术后中位DFS为25.07月，中位OS为35.17月。两组术后DFS和OS比较，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:PLR是三阴性乳腺癌的独立预后因素，具有重复性强、非侵袭性、方便实用等特性，可用于预测三阴性乳腺癌临床预后。     

乳腺癌21基因检测的研究进展

乳腺癌是一类具有异质性的肿瘤，不同患者的治疗方法和疗效都不相同。尽管目前仍在努力为激素受体（hormone receptor，HR）阳性（+）、人表皮生长因子受体2（human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER-2）阴性（-）、淋巴结（axillary lymph node，ALN）阴性（-）的早期乳腺癌患者寻找合适的治疗方法，但其术后是否需要化疗仍然是肿瘤科医生面临的一个难题。以往治疗主要依赖于经典的组织病理学和免疫组织化学技术，随着精准医疗时代的到来，我们需要更定量的诊断方法和合理的个体化治疗。虽然化疗可降低疾病复发风险并提高生存率，但它带来的不良反应事件会降低患者的生活质量，尤其低复发风险（recurrence risk,RS)有可能超过化疗益处。21基因检测不仅可以预测这类早期乳腺癌化疗疗效及评估预后，还可提供精准的个体化治疗方案指导用药，为患者增添信心。本文就乳腺癌21基因检测的研究进展进行综述。     

腹腔镜辅助经肛全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌的临床疗效（附15例）

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助经肛全直肠系膜切除术（laparoscopic-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision,La-TaTME）治疗中低位直肠癌的安全性及近期疗效。方法:回顾性分析南华大学附属第一医院胃肠外科2017年12月至2018年6月施行La-TaTME术的15例中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料。结果:15例患者中，男性10例，女性5例，年龄为（52.7±6.4）岁，体质量指数为（24.8±2.1）kg/m2。15例患者均顺利完成手术，无一例中转开腹；手术时间为（293.5±72.4）min，术中出血量为（91.8±24.6）mL；术后造口排气时间为（1.8±0.6）d，术后下床活动时间为（1.5±0.3）d，术后引流管拔除时间为（7.8±3.4）d，术后住院天数为（13.0±1.8）d；术后出现肛周感染1例，吻合口瘘2例，予以冲洗引流、抗感染、肛门坐浴等保守治疗后恢复；中位随访6个月未见肿瘤复发转移，无死亡病例。结论:对于中低位直肠癌患者，La-TaTME手术是安全可行的，近期疗效较好。     

Impact of a Hybrid Lung Cancer Screening Model on Patient Outcomes and Provider Behavior

BackgroundLung cancer screening (LCS) implementation is complicated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services reimbursement requirements of shared decision-making and tobacco cessation counseling. LCS programs can utilize different structures to meet these requirements, but the impact of programmatic structure on provider behavior and screening outcomes is poorly described.Patients and MethodsIn a retrospective chart review of 624 patients in a hybrid structure, academic LCS program, we compared characteristics and outcomes of primary care provider (PCP)- and specialist-screened patients. We also assessed the impact of the availability of an LCS specialty clinic and best practice advisory (BPA) on PCP ordering patterns using electronic medical record generated reports.ResultsDuring the study period of July 1, 2014 through June 30, 2018, 48% of patients were specialist-screened and 52% were PCP-screened; there were no clinically relevant differences in patient characteristics or screening outcomes between these populations. PCPs demonstrate distinct practice patterns when offered the choice of specialist-driven or PCP-driven screening. Increased exposure to a LCS BPA is associated with increased PCP screening orders. The addition of a nurse navigator into the LCS program increased documentation of shared decision-making and tobacco cessation counseling to > 95% and virtually eliminated screening of ineligible patients.ConclusionsSystematic interventions including a BPA and nurse navigator are associated with increased screening and improved program quality, as evidenced by reduced screening of ineligible patients, increased lung cancer risk of the screened population, and improved compliance with LCS guidelines. Individual PCPs demonstrate clear preferences regarding LCS that should be considered in program design.     

浅谈“七损八益”与三阴性乳腺癌雌激素受体、雄激素受体的表达

乳腺癌是我国女性发病率第一的恶性肿瘤[1],其中三阴性乳腺癌较其他类型乳腺癌相比,具有治疗棘手、预后更差的特点。"七损八益"是以阴阳损益之道来谈保身长全的理论思想。文章将结合"七损八益"的观点,从其损益转化的角度来讨论三阴性乳腺癌的治疗方法。其中以七损对应三阴性乳腺癌雌激素受体阴性,八益为应用雄激素受体治疗三阴性乳腺癌的手段。试以《内经》"七损八益"理论来探讨三阴性乳腺癌的关系,为研究治疗乳腺癌提供更多的思路。